Evaluation...

Evaluation
For my main task I had to construct a music magazine from scratch. As this is my first time doing a task like this, I faced a few problems. These problems occurred throughout the whole process of the magazine production, from planning, to construction of the final magazine piece. However, I adapted to the media production, and slowly began to turn to alternatives in order to over come the problems I faced. I had to create a front cover, contents page, and a double page spread. In this evaluation I will focus only seven main questions, which focus on the whole of my media production.

• In what ways does your media product use, develop or challenge forms and conventions of real media products?
In order to gain knowledge of common forms of convention of real media products, market research was conducted. This market research showed me common conventions that magazines use (particularly hip hop magazines). This was beneficial for me, as I could apply this knowledge of common conventions to my magazine. However, I did not what to simply follow them, and create a magazine which looks like every other one. For this reason I developed and challenged the forms and conventions. A common feature I kept coming across in my market research was the colour scheme. My mood board shows few hip hop magazines, a common feature they share is red and silver. I used this by keeping bright complimentary colours, but developed it by choosing my own colours which appeal more to my target audience. Other conventions such as the layout of magazine I did at first follow. However, I thought it would be better to create something more creative and so changed the layout so it differs from ones I have already seen.

• How does your media product present particular social groups?
My media represents teenagers, both boys and girls, from 14 onwards. The issue of the magazine I constructed does however; represent a more male than females. This is because of the masculine colours I used, as well as the bold font. However, I did try to over come this by using a male image. The male image would be appealing to both sexes. Boys would find it appealing as it reflects their interest in hip hop music, whereas a female’s reason could be the same, as well as the fact he can be seen as literally attractive. This weighs it out, and helps notify the audience that the issue is for both sexes.

• What kind of media institution might distribute you media product and why?
The institutions which might distribute my media are institutions similar to IPC Media. This is because it is a successful institution which already distributes music magazines. As my media piece is a hip hop magazine it would fall right in to the category.
I would also like to think my media could me distributed via web 2.0. This is because by using the internet and having a website for my magazine would make it a lot more interactive and modern, and defiantly appeal to a lot more consumers, as not everyone now physically goes and buys a magazine. Also because of the many features which I could have with a web 2.0 distribution. The features I would include are numerous hyperlinks, which link to the different features of the magazine as a whole.

• Who would be the audience for you media product?
The target audience I have chosen for my target audience is , for both boys and girls. The market research I conducted helped me to choose my target audience. Market research was conducted to find out what people wanted, this has helped me, as I have regularly referred to the results as I could include the specific factors in my magazine. Also the fact that I am a part of that age group, I think, makes it very beneficial. This is because, the target audience would be in to similar things that I am into, as we share the same consensus as we are of the same age group.

• How did you attract/address your audience?
I used a range of methods to attract my audience for my magazine. I used my own knowledge, as well as market research to come to a final decision on how to specifically attract/address my audience.
For example, I used a range of colours (but not too many), to catch the readers eye. This is important as the audience I selected are into bright, standing out features. Because of this, I have included this feature in my magazine. The colours I chose appeal to both boys and girls, I haven’t focused on just one, such as just using masculine colours. For this I had to think carefully on which colours to use, so I experimented on a range of different colour layouts, before finding one which compliments each other. So that my magazine would look attractive.
I also used conventional features which my target audience would appeal to. For instance on the cover of my magazine I included a freebie button. This is known to be a successful feature, and as it specifically directs to the audience, makes it more successful in being appealing.
In addition to specifically address my target audience, I was careful with the word choice I chose. I chose to use slang as a way of addressing my target audience. By using slang it makes my audience feel the magazine is specifically for them as this is the type of language they use in every day life. This helps makes my magazine successful, as it directly attracts my target audience. I felt this was an important feature. This is because by using the right language styles, it makes the magazine seem better planned out. Readers would appreciate this, and possible regularly purchase the magazine.

• What have you learn about technologies from the process of constructing this product?
In the beginning of this media production I was an amateur at producing media using technology. Given the chance to create a magazine allowed me to adapt/advance my skills with a lot of technologies.
For instance the software photo was extremely frustrating at first. I found it very hard to use the programme as I was new to it. However, I did get used to it. By using photo shop on a regular basis it allowed me to adapt my skills with the software. At first I knew very little about it, but during the production I got used to editing images, and create a good layout so the text can be seen. Photo shop was useful to me as I had to edit my photo. For example, I had to crop out backgrounds, and apply certain effects such as the transparency of my images.
Using the internet for publishing my media was also something I improved at. Before this task, I have never blogged. Using the suitable website on internet allowed me to challenge my amateur skills and adapt them. By using the blogger website I have learnt that the work I upload can be seen by others. This allowed personal feed back, which I then used in order to improve my magazine.
My use of cameras before this task was also at an amateur level. Through the process of constructing my product, numerous photos had to be taken, and so this allowed me to learn more about the technology. What I learnt was how exactly to take a picture, and all the factors you have to consider, such as lighting and mise en scene. The research I conducted on photography allowed me to apply them to the construction of my magazine. This was beneficial to me as it made my piece look much more planned out, and attractive.

• Looking back at your preliminary task, what do you feel you have learnt in the progression from it to the full product?
The preliminary task compared to the main task, now feels as though it was very simple. For my preliminary task, not much effort from me was put it. This is because I thought constructing a magazine is an easy process where photos are taken, and bold text is applied. I have learnt that a lot more consideration needs to be taken when constructing a media piece, specifically a cover, contents page, and a double page spread.
For example, hardly any planning was put into the photographs I took for my preliminary task. For my main task, and argued for weeks, on the type of photo I should take. The things I considered where a lot more beneficial, such as the shot type/angle, mise en scene, and lighting (as well as many other factors). The photograph research is a very important aspect which needs to be taken into account for a magazine. With my preliminary task, I knew very little on images. For my main task a load of research was conducted so that my magazine could be attractive. For instance the photograph research I conducted was extremely helpful. I learnt things which were very beneficial to me such as the rule of thirds. This was a very important aspect for me. With the preliminary task I had no knowledge of the rule of thirds, but with the research, it made it much more clearer on how to take the right photo for the message you want to convey.

Final double page spread...

Final cotents page...

Final cover...

Double page spread ideas...

Double page spread ideas

For my main task I am going to create a hip hop magazine. I have decided to use my market research in order to make it as successful as possible. Because of this I have two main ideas which will be on my double page spread. This will be either fashion, or new music (I will also try and incorporate other ideas such as lifestyle, but would do so, so that it doesn’t confuse the reader as to what the article is about). Additional research (looking at other hip hop magazines), has shown me that these two topics are commonly seen in hip hop magazines. Therefore, it would be a good idea to use one of these.

Ideas of hooks, teasers, & buttons...

My choices of hooks, teasers, and button flashes have to be relevant to the magazine. By this I mean they need to relate to the genre hip hop. They also have to be creative, and eye catching. As my target audience is mainly 13 to 20. For this reason I have to develop ideas which will relate to this age group.

Ideas of hooks
A hook is a clever phrase used to capture the customer’s attention; it plays a big role in advertising, as it has to be something which will attract the reader. The hook I will use will be an interview with a hip hop artist. The hook reads; ‘What’s Bizzle got to say…”. This hook contains limited information. Customers would find this appealing, and they would want to read on and find out what exactly the article is about. This is why the hook I’ve chosen would be a successful one for me to choose. By keeping the hook short and simple, it has a bigger effect on the reader, which leaves them in suspense and makes them want to read on.

Teasers
I will use to teasers for my magazine. Like the hook, the teasers used would not give away a lot of information, and be quite limited. My first idea for a teaser is ‘What is hip hop?’ This teaser is a question. This will add to the effect, and definitely make readers want to read on and find out. This is another key role to advertisement, as it would be one of the first the readers see (it will be on the cover), also it would be attracting the readers through the choice of words used.
My second idea for a teaser is ‘Latest swagga on scene’. These choices of words have been chosen because it is language that my target audience understands, ‘slang’. It is important to choice the right words when deciding on a teaser. This is because the words chosen specifically relate to the specific age group. This is important because they immediately feel apart of the magazine as the same language is being used which is used by them. Swagga meaning fashion. I have also decided to use limited information, as raveling too much would give away what the article would be about, and not make the readers want to read on.

Buttons/flashes
As a button idea I have decided to use freebies. From my research I have noticed that freebies are a common convention on hip hop magazines. For my idea I have decided to use; ‘FREE VIP TICKETS TO BIZZLE’S TOUR’, (which also relates to my hook idea). My second idea is; ‘FREE POSTER OF NIKKI NIMAGE’.
Both these ideas link to hip hop fans, though they would most likely appeal to different types of fans. The first idea would strictly link to Bizzle fans, and those wanting to go to a hip hop tour. The second idea links to mainly male readers, who find Nikki Nimage attractive (though females who are fans of Nikki Nimage would also appeal to the button).
These ideas would attract customers to buy the magazine as they realize straight away they are getting more than their moneys worth.

Typeography/font ideas...

This Font is an ideal one to use on a hip hop magazine. I have also considered my target audience when choosing my fonts. From my market research, I have decided to aim my magazine at mainly 14 to 17 year olds. This writing font seen above would be ideal because it does not portray a serious, formal atmosphere. This is through the soft looking texture, and bubble writing. It is also a simple font (it isn’t something too chaotic). This is important because my market research showed that a majority of the people I interviewed did not want a busy/chaotic cover.
http://www.1001freefonts.com/KatyBerry.php




This font is a much more expressive font than the one before. The reason why this one stands out is because of the effects used, it gives it a 3D look. This font can also be linked to the hip hop genre magazine. This is because hip hop features are usually those that stand out. For example, the stereotypical jewelry (‘bling’) worn by numerous hip hop artist. This directly links with that, as this font is instantly noticed for standing out, just like other hip hop features.
http://www.fontspace.com/2-the-left/blockbuster




This font is a much more contemporary/modern. This would be useful because it is very creative, which is what I want my magazine cover to look like. However, this font is a bit unclear, which may cause my readers a bit of distress. Never the less, my target audience is the younger generation, so they may be more used to seeing fonts like this.
http://www.urbanfonts.com/fonts/daqscircle.htm

Mood board...

This is a mood board to do with my magazine genre; hip hop. I will incorporate these ideas into my magazine.

Front cover flat plan...

For this flat plan i have clearer made the masthead alot bigger than the skyline. This is to to attract readers, as an attractive masthead name would be used, which is more important than the skyline. I have spread out the information fairly on both side of the cover. I've decided to use two images for this cover. Because of this the main character for the background image would be place more on the left third, so that the smaller additional image is still clearly seen. By using two images it does make the cover look more busy, but by place them apart from each other, the reader can clearly get the idea, and enjoy the magazine without being confused.

Double page spread flat plan...

In this flat plan of the double page spread i have taken a different approach of the feature positionings. The article name would be on the left page only, this is to make the double page spread look clearly laid out, as there are other features. The image would cover up three quaters of the page, starting from the left. I have considered the left third rule, this is by placing the image to the left, and the writting text to the far right. In the left third i have also decided to put a button which would immediatly attract readers. For this flat plan there would also be another piece to the article at the top of the page to the right. This would be additional information for my feature. The main image (taking up three quaters of the page), has to be carefully designed so that the main subject does not get crumpled due to the spine.

Double page spread flat plan...

This double page spread will be on my feature article. The image would appear on three quaters starting from the left hand side. The article's text would go on the left. I have used the left third for the writting text as it is important information the readers would want to know. By using the left third, it automatically attract them. As the image would be running through the spine, i have to be careful not to a main subject there which would get creased/distoughted when the page is folded. The article name would also be across the two pages. To over come the same problem the image is, i would put an extra space, so a letter is not on the spine.

Double page spread flat plan...

This is my first flat plan for the double page spread. The layout looks very plain, though colours will be used which compliment the images, and font colours. I have decided to have three main pieces for my article. The reason i am using three pieces is to keep readers entertained, as it would make them want to read on to find out what happened next. Each of the pieces would end as a cliffhanger, where the last one would conclude it.

Contents page flat plan...

This image shows a rather ecentric flat plan for a contents page. The page is busy, though writting text is spread out in order to avoid confusion. In this flat plan all the space would be used. writting would be on both left and right hand side of the page. An image would also be used at the background. Because of the layout, i have to consider the image i use, as it may be hard to find a certain area for the main subject. The conventions of this flat plan would be top right for the date and issue number, bottom right for the page number, and the bottom central area for the magazine name and logo.

Contents page flat plan...

In this flat plan of the contents page, i have done areversal of what i planned out in the previous one. I have also changed the conventions around to make the page look less busy/cramped. I have layed it out so that the image would be bigger than the writting. This is again to keep the readers entertained, and not become bored because of large amounts of writting.

Contents page flat plan...

This is a flatplan for my contents page. As a convention (which would be used through out the whole magazine), i have put certain features in places. I have used the corners to do this; the page number in the bottom right, date and issue number in the top right, the magazines logo and name would be seen on the top left corner. It is important to keep these conventions as it shows effort and thought have been put into the production of the magazine, which would make it look proffesion, and more eye catching. I have made this contents page simular to other contents pages i have looked at, in hip hop magazine. Through my research i have noticed that some magazine tend to put images on the left, and writting on the right. For this reason, i have decided to put a image as a background, though the main subject(s) on the left thrid. The features and page numbers, would go on the right of the page. This is because through extra research i have noticed that my target population prefer pictures rather than words. By putting a picture on the left third, it would immediatly attract the readers, and keep them entertained.

Photohraphy research...

Photography research

The reason for conducting photography research is to help me realise there are many things to consider. By doing this research it gives me better understanding of these factors, which I can then use for my own photography in my magazine.

Composition and framing –
Composition of the photography is the way in which the subject/or subjects, have been positioned in the frame. A successful compositioned photograph will allow the viewer to fully understand it, as it delivers a message.
Framing of the photography is the technique of drawing attention to a specific element in the picture; this is done by blocking other features out.



This image has framed so that attention is drawn to the man. The way in which the photographer has done this is by making him the only subject, also by using a clear background which he stands out against well. This complements the image as the subject is clearly shown. This draws our attention to the man as other features have been blocked out.


Misé en scene –
Misé en scene is basically everything which has been placed in the photo. Also, everything in the shot has a meaning, nothing is there by accident.



In this image we can see two couples in a kitchen. They’re dressed casually, socialising, whilst preparing for a dinner. This is show as it is evening time, (the curtains are closed, and the lights are on), they are drinking wine, and there are cooking utensils out, which one of them is using. They are all smiling, and are close to each other. These messages are shown through misé en scene.


Lighting –
Lighting can help convey different moods to the audience. There are two main lighting types which help to determine this; low key lighting, and high key lighting. Low key lighting conveys (stereotypically), negative labels. This is because low key lighting is dark, which could represent a death, or depression atmosphere. High key lighting is opposite to this. High key lighting labels include; happiness, joy, and other positive labels.


This is an example image of low key lighting.
The lighting in this image clearly indicates a negative atmosphere. The lighting used helps to convey a sense of depression, and isolation.
These feelings are shown through the lighting used.

Rule of thirds –
The rule of thirds rule is a theory which suggests an image is divided into nice equal squares. Also, important features should be placed on the lines, or as close to it as possible. This is because the human eye focuses a lot more attention on these parts.


This is an image which clearly indicates the rule of thirds.
As we can see the Bird’s eye is exactly on the point where the two lines cross. This means that this is one of the images main features, as we are most likely to focus on it most. Also, because the Bird is positions on the left side of the page, and the right side is rather empty, it creates a higher focus for the viewer to look at specifically the left side.

Single point of interest –
Single point of interest is the idea that every image should basically have a centre of interest. An image with more than one point of interest could become confusing to the viewer. This leaves the viewer in question, as to what the message of the image is.


This image shows a single point of interest. This is because the audience is draw to the main building (subject) in the centre of the image.

Front cover flat plan...

This is another possible flat plan for my cover. I have again considered the left third for this flat plan. For this reason all the important information will be on the left, and the less important to the right. I have decided for this flat plan that the image will take up the whole cover. This is to signify importance, as the character would be covering part of the masthead.

Front cover flat plan...

This is a flat plan of a possible cover for my magazine. As you can see i have decided to put the main cover line, other cover lines, and freebies on the left third. I have decided to place these here because it is technically the first thing readers will see, when looking at the cover. On the right hand side i have put a button, website/price/barcode/issue number/date, and an anchor. This is because these are mainly less important things which will attract the readers to buy. Also i didn't want to make the cover look busy, so i have put information on both sides of the cover, rather than just all together within the same area.

Possible mastheads...

For my hip hop magazine I need the right masthead. For this reason, I have considered different options; I will analyse and compare them, in order to pick the right one. The possible mastheads I have come up with are:

Hip hop tribe
This is an interesting masthead, as it conveys a certain message to the specific audience. There is a key word in this example which would make the readers feel a direct connection. The use of ‘tribe’ makes them think that this is a magazine for them, they are part of it, and it has something to do with their lives. Because of this ‘Hip hop tribe would be a suitable masthead for my hip hop magazine.

Swagga Read
The reason I chose this masthead is due to my market research. The questionnaire results showed that the majority of readers would be most interested in fashion. Because of this, I have chosen a slang term used for fashion which is well known to my audience age group; ‘swagga’. This again makes them feel directly connected to the magazine, as by looking at the cover of the magazine they can straight away realise that language is being used which is similar to theirs (slang). As a result, this would attract the reader, proving that this would be a suitable masthead for my hip hop magazine.

Beat talk
This possibility has been chosen as it is related to the hip hop music, and is also a catchy name to remember. It’s an informal and simple masthead. This masthead would again relate directly to the target audience, as the term ‘beat’ is mainly used by them to refer to music. Also it is a short masthead, which can be pronounced in two syllables, which is similar to other well known hip hop magazines, such as ‘The source’.

Sound Stories
This is a unique masthead. The use of alliteration makes it catchy and easy to remember. The word use allows the readers to see straight away that the magazine would be based on strictly music, and the hip hop lifestyle. This masthead has a good flow to it. The alliteration of the S’s, make it memorable.


(slogan: Money takers, Sound breakers, Rule breakers, Night shakers, Stunnershades shakers, Move makers, No time wasters, Money makes the world go round ... and the girls go down).

Questionnaire results; appealing...

This graph shows what feature the participants would rather see on the cover of a hip hop magazine. When setting my cover, I will consider the results of this question.

Questionnaire results; layout...

This graph shows what laytout the participants prefer. When setting my layout, I will consider the results of this question.

Questionnaire results; features...

I will use this information in my magazine. This is because, it is telling me what (hip hop) magazine readeders are mostly interested in.

Questionnaire results; costs...

This graph shows how much the participants are willing to spend. I will set the price of my magazine accordingly.

Questionnaire results; how often bought...

This graph shows how often the participants buy a magazine.

Questionnaire results; favourite magazine...

This question was asked so that my magazine which I create can be adapted. I will look at the magazine's that my participants most liked, and will make mine slightly simular to it. However, I will not copy it. I will simply look at them, to get an idea of what features they have which I can incorporate in my hip hop magazine.

Questionnaire results; age...

This graph shows the differentage groups, of the participants who took my questionnaire. I varied my ages to get a better insight of the overall generation.

Qestionnaire results; gender...

When interviewing my participants, I wanted to keep it as equal as I could amongst the males and females. By doing this it gives me a better insight for the information I need, as I can now understand what both genders want in a hip hop magazine.

Questionnaire...

As part of my market research, I have decided to create a questionnaire. I have given my questionnaire to a total of 40 people. I decided to survey 40 people, to get a clear understanding of the overall ideas. All the participants I chose had initially had an interest in hip hop magazines. The results from this market research will be viewed and averaged/analysed. This is to see the general thoughts, and correlation amongst the answers.

Information sheet for A Level students about one audience theory

When producing media, producers need to consider who the audience will be. To help determine who the audience will be, market research is used. For example, a producer may decide to use questionnaires, to get ideas of what audiences want from a product. Market research is conducted before planning of the media text. By doing this market research, the producer can better adapt his/her media piece in order to suite that specific audience. When considering the target audience they also need to consider their age, gender, race, and location. By considering these factors the media text producers can even better directly appeal the media text to the audience. This will inevitably make the media text more successful, which would also financially benefit the media producers. In total there are six types of audiences:
• A, upper middle class – top management, bankers, lawyers, doctors, and other professionals.
• B, middle class – middle management, teachers, many ‘creative’ e.g. graphic designers.
• C1, lower middle class – office supervisors, junior managers, nurses, specialist’s clerical staff.
• C2, skilled working class - skilled workers, tradespersons, (white collar).
• D, working class – semi-skilled and unskilled manual workers, (blue collar).
• E, people at lowest level of income – unemployed, students, pensioners, casual workers.

The hypodermic needle theory
• Introduced in the 1020’s. This was the first attempt to explain how audiences react to mass media.
• The theory suggests audiences passively receive information transmitted via a media text, without any attempt on their part to process or challenge the data. This basically means that audiences are somewhat manipulated by the media text creators, as the audiences behavior and thinking could be easily changed due to the media text.



This image describes what happens, according to the hypodermic needle theory. The needle represents the media, which is easily being passed in to the brain. As a result it manipulates behaviors and thinking of the audience.


• The theory is still quoted during morally panics by parents, politicians, and pressure groups, and is used to explain why certain groups in society should not be exposed to certain media texts.

This is an example of the hypodermic needle theory occurring:



The cover of this magazine shows a very well known artist with a gun to himself. The reason why this fits it to the theory is because this media text can alter the audience’s behavior and thinking. For example, the young generation. This is a very well known, successful rapper. If they see this image they may feel it is ok to have a gun. As a result this changes behaviors and thinking, due to them being manipulated by the media text.


Source: http://www.idsnews.com/blogs/livebuzz/wp-content/uploads/the-game-source-magazine-cover-shot.jpg




Useful websites for the hypodermic needle theory:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypodermic_needle_model
http://www.lotsofessays.com/viewpaper/1708629.html
http://www.cw.utwente.nl/theorieenoverzicht/Theory%20clusters/Mass%20Media/Hypodermic_Needle_Theory.doc/

Two magazine cover analysis's...

Second double spread analysis...

First double spread analsys...

Second contents page analysis...

First contents page analysis...

Senond magazine front cover analysis...

First magazine front cover analysis...

Introduction to the main task...

The main task involves constructing our own music magazine, from scratch. We have to create a front cover, contents page, and a double spread. The genre I have chosen for my music magazine is hip hop. I considered many other genres, but finally decided that constructing a hip hop magazine would be the most suitable one for my music magazine. I also have an interest in the hip hop genre music, so I feel this would help me to construct a creative magazine. This would help me as I have my own opinions on the genre; also the extra research I have done is very important in helping me create a successful music magazine.
A factor I am really interested in is the main images itself. I am hoping to be as creative as possible, and create very eccentric pictures. I will try to create conventions in my magazine. For example, I may create a theme amongst the pictures, so they are all similarly linked in a creative way.
The research I carry out will also be useful as it will help me with what special features to include in my magazine to make it as attractive as possible to the target audience.

The contents page...

Finished product...

School magazine ideas & experiments...

Name of the publication – ‘Heston Mag’, ‘The Heston’, ‘Heston Read’ I initially had three titles (masthead), for my magazine.

Colour schemes

– Colour is very important for magazine covers. I explored complimentary colour schemes to make the publication look attractive. Complimentary colours would visibly make the publication successful, as it would look attractive. Also as Heston Community School is an arts school, I will explore different colour schemes, in order to relate it as much as possible to the school.

For example black and white are two universally known colours, which compliment each other very well, so they are a compulsory elements in newspapers.

As the magazine I am creating is aimed at 14 to 18 year olds, I will make the cover colourful and contemporary.

Possible layout, with clour...

Possible template...

Possible templates...

Intoduction to prelinimary task...

For the as media coursework we have two tasks; the preliminary task, and the main task. The preliminary task involves using desktop publisher, and Photoshop, to create a front page for a magazine (as an individual). I hope to learn skills and techniques, from both software’s, which could possible help me with my other a levels which involve using DTP and Photoshop.

It is compulsory to use DTP and Photoshop. I will use them to edit the layout, and add effects to my magazine.

I collaborated many ideas on what to base my magazine on, and then chose the most practical one. My magazine will be based on trip’s the school has organised for the students. The main theme/idea of the magazine will be the school trip to Berlin. I chose this topic, because I will be personally going to Berlin. Because of this I would have more knowledge, and a personal insight in to the trip. As a result it will be easier to write about, so the magazine cover I create would seem realistic, and genuine.

The magazine will be contemporary, with formal text, and funky pictures.

The target audience for my magazine is teenagers, from the ages of 14 to 18. This is because the magazine context is something they can relate to, as they would be going to similar school trips during this age.

The purpose of my publication is to inform, as well as entertain readers of trips/activities, the school has organised. It will inform the audience of what/where/when the trips are, and also entertain them of event/incidents which occurred during the trip. This will be made informal, and slightly comical, as this is more likely to maintain the reader’s attention.

The magazine would be distributed at least once every term. This is because the magazine is based on activities/trips at the school. These tend to occur every 4 to 5 weeks. By distributing the magazine once a term it would be able to achieve both informing and entertaining the audience about trips, and activities which is what the publication aims to do.